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The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties refers to tworounds of Bilateralism talks and corresponding international treaties between the Soviet Union and the United States--the Cold War superpowers--on the issue of arms race. There were two rounds of talks and agreements: SALT I and SALT II. SALT II later became START.Negotiations started in Helsinki, Finland, in 1969 and focused on limiting the two countries' stocks of nuclear weapons. These treaties have led to START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty). START I (a 1991 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union) and START II (a 1993 agreement between the United States and Russia) placed specific caps on each side's number of nuclear weapons.

SALT I SALT I is the common name for the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty Agreement, but also known as Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. SALT I froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels, and provided for the addition of new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) launchers only after the same number of older intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and SLBM launchers had been dismantled.

The strategic nuclear forces niche of the Soviet Union and the United States were changing in character in 1968. The U.S.'s total number of missiles had been static since 1967 at 1054 ICBMs and 656 SLBMs, but there was an increasing number of missiles with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) warheads being deployed. One clause of the treaty required both countries to limit the sites protected by an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system to one. The Soviet Union had deployed such a system around Moscow in 1966 and the United States announced an ABM program to protect twelve ICBM sites in 1967. A modified two-tier Moscow ABM system is still used, probably with missile interceptors equipped with conventional instead of nuclear warheads. The U.S. built only one ABM site to protect a Minuteman (missile) base in North Dakota where the "Safeguard Program" was deployed. Due to the system's expense and limited effectiveness, the Pentagon disbanded "Safeguard" in 1975.

on the SALT treaty in Vladivostok, November 23, 1974.Negotiations lasted from November 17, 1969 until May 1972 in a series of meetings beginning in Helsinki, with the U.S. delegation headed by Gerard C. Smith, director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Subsequent sessions alternated between Vienna and Helsinki. After a long deadlock, the first results of SALT I came in May 1971, when an agreement was reached over ABM systems. Further discussion brought the negotiations to an end on May 26, 1972 in Moscow when Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Interim Agreement Between The United States of America and The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Measures With Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. A number of agreed statements were also made. This helped improve relations between the USA and the Soviet Union.

SALT II and Jimmy Carter sign SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna.SALT II was a second round of talks from 1972 to 1979 between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, which sought to curtail the manufacture of strategic nuclear weapons. It was a continuation of the progress made during the SALT I talks. SALT II was the first nuclear arms treaty which assumed real reductions in strategic forces to 2250 of all categories of delivery vehicles on both sides. SALT II helped the U.S. to discourage the Soviets not to arm their third generation ICBMs of SS-17, SS-19 and SS-18 types with much more MIRVs. The USSR's missile design bureaus had developed in the late 1970s experimental versions of these missiles equipped with anywhere from 10 to 38 thermonuclear warheads each. Additionally, the Soviets secretly agreed to reduce Tu-22M production to thirty aircraft per year and not to give them an intercontinental range. It was particularly important for the US to limit Soviet efforts in the INF forces rearmament area. The SALT II Treaty banned new missile programs (a new missile defined as one with any key parameter 5% better than in currently deployed missiles), so both sides were forced to limit their new strategic missile types development although US preserved their most essential programs like Trident and cruise missiles. In return, the USSR could exclusively retain 308 of its so-called "heavy ICBM" launchers of the SS-18 type.

An agreement to limit strategic launchers was reached in Vienna on June 18, 1979, and was signed by Leonid Brezhnev and President of the United States Jimmy Carter. Six months after the signing, the Soviet Union deployed troops to Afghanistan, and in September of the same year some senators like "Mr. Boening" (Henry M. Jackson) unexpectedly discovered the so-called "Soviet brigade" on Cuba. As such, the treaty was never ratification by the United States Senate. Its terms were, nonetheless, honored by both sides until 1986 when the Reagan Administration withdrew from SALT II after accusing the Soviets of violating the pact.

Subsequent discussions took place under the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.

See also

START I
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
Non-Proliferation Treaty
Threshold Test Ban Treaty
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

External links

Text of SALT I
Text of SALT II
Text of SALT II (cont.)
Text of the treaty from the U.S. Department of State
NuclearFiles.org Text of SALT II 1979
Arms Control Today: U.S.-Soviet/Russian Nuclear Arms Control, June 2002.

FSA - Salt
Details the UK government's advice on limiting an adult's salt consumption to no more than 6g a day.

FSA - Salt - Hidden salt
When most people think of salt, they think of shaking it on their food, or adding a pinch to cooking. And it's important to try to get out of the habit of using salt in this way.

Specialist lending made simple
Commercial. Welcome to salt commercial, a new approach to commercial lending ... speed, flexibility and experience ... without the tick box mentality.

SaltMuseum - Salt Museum Home Page
Conserves and presents the history of the Cheshire salt industry. Includes visitor and facility information, publications, and a collection of historic photographs.

Maldon Crystal Salt
Latest news Maldon Salt Wins Bronze Award! We are proud to announce that Maldon Salt won bronze award for Best Regional Food in The Daily Telegraph Taste of Britain Awards.

The Salt Association ::: saltsense, salt history, salt manufacture ...
Aiming to persuade the UK government that its blanket advice on cutting salt consumption entails risks that have not been properly assessed.

BBC - Food - Glossary - 'S'
BBC Food's glossary of cookery terms: S ... Salt. Crystals of sodium chloride (NaCl) used as a seasoning and preservative.

UKTV Food: Recipes: Salt
We tend to add salt during cooking and at the table as a matter of course, yet it is also a delicious ingredient in its own right when used carefully.

Food Standards Agency - Salt
Most people eat too much salt. This can raise blood pressure, which increases your risk of heart disease and stroke. We can all take steps to eat less salt by shopping wisely and ...

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